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In Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, last month Matthew G. Mei from City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA, and colleagues published findings of their retrospective study, which aimed to determine prognostic factors for outcomes after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) in patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL).
This single-center study included 191 consecutive patients with MCL who had undergone an ASCT at the City of Hope National Medical Center between January 1997 and November 2013. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 59 years (range, 33–76) and the majority (98%) had stage III or IV disease. Intermediate- or high-risk MIPI was observed in 52% of patients for who a MIPI score could be allocated (131/191).
The majority of patients had received 1 upfront therapy before ASCT (n=128, 67%) and 56% of patients (n=106) had received an upfront regimen that included high dose cytarabine, such as hyper-CVAD (n=93), the Nordic regimen (n=10), or both (n=3). ASCT was carried out in 144 patients (75%) in First Complete Remission (CR1), 28 patients (15%) in first PR, and 19 patients (10%) is a second remission or later. Regarding ASCT conditioning regimens, 101 patients (53%) received chemotherapy only based regimens and the remaining patients were administered radiation-based regimens. Most patients (92%, n=175) received rituximab before ASCT and 39% (n=75) were given maintenance rituximab after ASCT.
Treatment outcome:
Prognostic factors:
The authors concluded their single-center study by stating that, regardless of the heterogeneity of the data, it was clear that maintenance with rituximab confers a huge benefit. The findings of this study contribute further to the ever growing amount of evidence that supports the use of maintenance rituximab for all MCL patients who have undergone an ASCT, no matter the patient’s age or type of upfront therapy they have received. Lastly, the group insist that future, prospective trials should aim to optimize maintenance therapy following ASCT for MCL.
High-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can improve outcomes for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) but is associated with a high incidence of relapse. A retrospective study of 191 MCL patients who underwent ASCT at City of Hope was performed to examine prognostic factors for outcomes after ASCT. For all patients the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63% to 77%) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 53% (95% CI, 45% to 60%). The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 41% (95% CI, 34% to 48%) with a continuous pattern of relapse events occurring at a median of 2.1 years (range, .2 to 13.4) after ASCT. In multivariate analysis, post-transplant maintenance rituximab was the factor most significantly associated with both OS (relative risk [RR], .17; 95% CI, .07 to .38) and PFS (RR, .25; 95% CI, .14 to .44). For the subset of patients who had positron emission tomography (PET) data available and were in a PET-negative first complete remission at ASCT (n = 105), maintenance rituximab was significantly associated with superior OS (RR, .17; 95% CI, .05 to .59) and PFS (RR, .20; 95% CI, .09 to .43). These results support a benefit with maintenance rituximab for all MCL patients treated with ASCT.
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